B1 Grammar Practice - ESL Lesson 2

Grammar Reference

Subject	Rules	Example
Present Perfect Continuous	Use have/has been + present participle (-ing) to emphasize duration or ongoing actions that started in the past and continue to the present.	She has been studying English for five years.
Zero Conditional	Use present simple in both if-clause and main clause to express general truths, scientific facts, or things that are always true.	If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
Ability with Can/Could	Use can for present ability, could for past ability or polite requests. Use be able to as an alternative to can/could.	I can swim. / He could speak French when he was young.
Comparative Adverbs	Form comparatives with -er for short adverbs, or more for longer adverbs. Use -est or most for superlatives.	She runs faster than me. / He speaks more fluently than his brother.
Passive Voice (Present Continuous)	Form with am/is/are + being + past participle. Use for actions happening now or around now.	The house is being renovated this month.
Reported Speech (Commands)	For commands, use to + base verb in reported speech. Change pronouns and time expressions.	The teacher said, "Open your books." → The teacher told us to open our books.
Place Prepositions	Use at for specific points, in for enclosed spaces, on for surfaces. Use between/among for relationships.	at the bus stop, in the city, on the table, between the two buildings
Negative Question Tags	Use negative tags after positive statements. Use auxiliary verb from statement.	You like coffee, don't you? / She can swim, can't she?
Defining Relative Clauses	Use who/that for people, which/that for things, where for places, when for time. No commas needed.	The man who lives next door is a doctor. / The book that I bought is interesting.
Future Predictions	Use will for predictions based on opinion, going to for predictions based on evidence.	I think it will rain tomorrow. / Look at those clouds! It's going to rain.

Answer Key

1. has been studying

2. freezes

3. could

4. more carefully

5. is being built

6. to clean

7. on

8. aren't

9. that

10. is going to

1. She ___ English for five years. (has been studying/studies)

2. If you water plants, they ___ . (freeze/freezes)

3. When he was young, he ___ speak three languages. (can/could)

4. She drives ___ than her brother. (careful/more carefully)

5. The new school ___ next year. (is being built/was built)

6. The teacher told the students ___ the classroom. (to clean/clean)

7. The museum is ___ Main Street. (at/on/in)

8. They are coming to the party, ___ they? (are/aren't)

9. The book ___ I bought yesterday is very interesting. (which/that)

10. Look at those dark clouds! It ___ rain soon. (will/is going to)